Julius Kambarage Nyerere (13 April 1922 – 14 October 1999) was a Tanzanian politician who served as the first President of Tanzania and previously Tanganyika, from the country's founding in 1961 until his retirement in 1985.
Born in Tanganyika to Nyerere Burito (1860–1942), Chief of the Zanaki, Nyerere was known by the Swahili name Mwalimu or 'teacher', his profession prior to politics. He was also referred to as Baba wa Taifa (Father of the Nation). Nyerere received his higher education at Makerere University in Kampala and the University of Edinburgh. After he returned to Tanganyika, he worked as a teacher. In 1954, he helped form the Tanganyika African National Union.
In 1961, Nyerere was elected Tanganyika's first Prime Minister, and following independence, in 1962, the country's first President. In 1964, Tanganyika became politically united with Zanzibar and was renamed to Tanzania. In 1965, a one-party election returned Nyerere to power. Two years later, he issued the Arusha Declaration, which outlined his socialist vision of ujamaa that came to dominate his policies.
Nyerere retired in 1985, while remaining the chairman of the Chama Cha Mapinduzi. He died of leukemia in London in 1999. In 2009, Nyerere was named "World Hero of Social Justice" by the president of the United Nations General Assembly.
Mount Kilimanjaro is the continents highest peak, and one of Africa’s most magnificent sights. The highest freestanding mountain in the world, rising from cultivated farmlands, through lush rainforest to alpine meadows, and at last in between lunar landscape up to the twin summits of Kibo (5.895 m) and Mawenzi (5.149 m) peaks.
”We, the people of Tanganyika, would like to light a candle and put it on top of Mount Kilimanjaro which would shine beyond our borders giving hope where there was despair, love where there was hate, and dignity where before there was only humiliation”.
Julius Nyrere, 22nd of October 1959 Baba wa Taifa – Father of the nation
Facts:
Africa’s highest mountain, 5.895 m above sea level
Three extinct or dormant volcanoes, Kibo (5.895 m), Mawenzi (5.149 m) and Shira (3.962 m)
Rises 4.800 m up from the plains
Cover 4 square kilometres 40 kilometres across at its widest point
Duel for Kilimanjaro
Contrary to popular myth, and as romantic as the tale must sound, Kilimanjaro is not in Tanzania because of the Victorian foibles of a British Queen and her desire to please her German grandson with a present on his birthday.
Kilimanjaro is in Tanzania today, where it has been since 1896 when the Berlin conference partitioned the continent of Africa among the European powers, because of the complex history of events which preceded the scramble for Africa.
5th of October 1889 is the date when Kilimanjaro finally was conquered. After his first attempt, who was aborted when he had to turn back at 5.575 m, Dr Hans Meyer and an experienced Alpine mountaineer, Ludwig Purtscheller, made it to the summit.
Since its official opening in 1977, Kilimanjaro National Park has become one of Tanzania’s most popular, and most visited, National Park. This park is not famous for its wildlife, like all the other National Parks in Tanzania, but the uniqueness of a snow capped mountain close to equator, and the chance to climb to the roof of Africa.
The highest freestanding mountain
Mount Kilimanjaro is the continents highest peak, and one of Africa’s most magnificent sighs. The highest freestanding mountain in the world, rising from cultivated farmlands, through lush rainforest to alpine meadows, and at last in between lunar landscape up to the twin summits of Kibo (5.895 m) and Mawenzi (5.149 m) peaks.
The lower forests are home to many animals, including buffaloes, leopards and monkeys, and higher up, occasionally the mountain Eland, but these are all rarely sighted.
Nature
There are five distinctive ecological zones on Kilimanjaro, the lower slopes, forest, heath and moorland, highland desert and the summit. Every one of them has its own specifics, influenced by altitude, rainfall and temperature. Each zone covers altitude of close to 1.000 meters, and the temperature drops about 1 degree centigrade for every 200 meters of ascent.
